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The soldier caste has anatomical and behavioural specialisations, and their sole purpose is to defend the colony. Many soldiers have large heads with exceptionally altered powerful jaws therefore enlarged they cannot feed themselves. Instead, like juveniles, they are fed by workers.5556 Fontanelles, easy holes in the eyebrow which exude defensive secretions, are a feature of the family Rhinotermitidae.57 Many species have been easily identified using the qualities of the soldiers' larger and darker head and large mandibles.53 Among certain termites, soldiers may utilize their globular (phragmotic) heads to block their narrow tunnels.58 Different sorts of soldiers include minor and significant soldiers, and nasutes, which have a horn-like nozzle frontal projection (a nasus).53 These unique soldiers are able to spray noxious, sticky secretions containing diterpenes in their enemies.59 Nitrogen fixation has an important part in nasute nutrition.60.
The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a fertile female and man, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of this colony is responsible for egg production for its colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her life.62 In some species, the abdomen of this queen swells up radically to increase fecundity, a feature known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen starts producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of the year, and enormous swarms emerge in the colony when nuptial flight begins.
A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into employees, but others might further moult to become soldiers or alates.
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Termites are often compared with all the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in major differences in life cycle. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the workers are exclusively female. Males (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both workers and the queen) are both diploid and grow from fertilised eggs.
Depending on species, both male and female employees may have different functions in a termite colony.63.
The entire life cycle of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult phases.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and undergo a series of moults as they develop.
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The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time period depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, employees must feed thembut workers also get involved in the social life of their colony and also have certain different activities to accomplish such as foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones regulate the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of the termites from becoming fertile queens.68.
Termite alates only depart the colony when a nuptial flight occurs. Alate men and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable place for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a spot. When they perform , they excavate a room large enough for both, shut up the entrance and move to partner.70 After mating, the set never go outside and spend the rest of their lives in the nest.
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By way of example, alates in certain species emerge during the day in summer while some emerge during winter.71 The nuptial flight might also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around areas with a great deal of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, moisture, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also varies, with the bigger species normally having 1001,000 individuals.
The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early stages of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 per day when the colony is several years old.53 At adulthood, a primary queen has a great capacity to lay eggs. In certain species, the mature queen has a greatly distended abdomen and may produce 40,000 eggs per day.72 Both mature ovaries may have some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to a number of times greater than prior to this website mating and reduces her ability to maneuver freely; attendant employees offer assistance.